The map above is is a map of the Roman Empire. Throughout the Romans raining time as a strong army they were able to take over and control all the dark red highlighted countries. This map explains how much they dominated at their strongest time.
Detailed map of ancient rome - main cities
This smaller map of Ancient Rome shows where exactly the Romans home base (as you could call it) was. The Romans controlled most of Italy before invading most of the Middle East. The Ancient Romans main city was Rome itself.